Amazon’s security researchers say a hacking group tied to North Korea targeted small, little-noticed software packages more than a year before it struck one of the internet’s most widely used programming tools.

The company’s threat intelligence team said Wednesday at a media roundtable at its Arlington, Va., offices that the same group linked to the recent compromise of the open-source axios software library also planted malicious code in a package called typo-crypto in March 2025, a full year before the axios breach. Researchers found the connection while tracing domain records tied to the axios attack back to earlier activity.

“We believe the March 2025 typo-crypto campaign was a rehearsal,” said CJ Moses, Amazon’s chief information security officer, adding that the target’s small scale let the group test its methods “without putting that on the big stage.”

Amazon said the group also compromised two other packages, debug and chalk, in September 2025. Until now, those three incidents had not been publicly linked to the same actor. Security researchers track the group under several names, including UNC1069, Sapphire Sleet and Stardust Chollima. 

Axios, debug and chalk are code libraries used by software developers around the world to build applications. Axios alone is downloaded more than 100 million times a week. “That number represents real organizations putting real code into production systems every single week,” Moses said.

In the typo-crypto case, the malicious file was named “core.js” and was made to look like a legitimate, unrelated package called core-js. Amazon said the file activated only when it received a specific numeric input, then reached out to a server controlled by the attackers to download a second piece of code. That second stage was written differently depending on whether the infected computer ran Windows, macOS or Linux. The code combined encoded text with a cipher, a method Moses said was meant to slow down analysis, including by AI-based review tools, without relying on heavy encryption.

Amazon said the typo-crypto package had few downloads compared with axios, debug or chalk. Researchers believe that initial target served as practice, letting the group refine its approach before turning to more widely used software. “They did what a lot of people do: crawl, walk, run,” Moses said. 

In each of the four cases, Amazon said, the attackers built a relationship with a maintainer who already had access to a package, then used that access to publish an update containing hidden code. “They didn’t break through a window,” Moses said. “They basically earned the trust of an employee to hand them the keys.”

Cybersecurity firm Wiz separately found that about 1 in 10 cloud computing environments were affected by the debug and chalk incident within a two-hour span, a finding Moses cited to illustrate how fast the impact spread. “Going from there not being a vulnerability, to there being a vulnerability, to there being an exploited vulnerability … used to be days to weeks. Now it’s hours to minutes,” he said.

Rick Anthony, senior engineering manager at Amazon Web Services, said the research further shows how attackers face two basic problems in these types of incidents: getting malicious code into a package that will eventually run inside an organization, and keeping that code hidden from developers or security tools. He said groups are increasingly building reputations as legitimate contributors over time. 

“Let me get my package deployed in as many places as possible so that I can spring the trap later,” said Anthony, describing the mindset behind the approach.

Researchers said generative AI has made it easier for attackers to produce code, documentation and contribution histories that look authentic. Anthony also described a technique in which attackers register package names that AI coding tools sometimes generate by mistake, so a developer following an AI suggestion could install malicious software without making any typing error of their own.

The findings come two years after a separate incident involving a program called xz-utils, in which an attacker spent time gaining the trust of the software’s maintainers before inserting a backdoor. Moses pointed to that case as an early example of a pattern now appearing “at scale” and tied to a nation-state.

Since that incident, separate groups have been running roughshod over open-source software. Another group known as TeamPCP has compromised and injected malicious code into more than 1,000 software packages over a four-month span this year. 

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Code found in the iOS 27 beta suggests Apple is developing a system that could restrict leased iPhones when customers fall behind on payments. The discovery follows a recent Bloomberg report that Apple may soon launch a new "Apple Upgrade" leasing program, allowing customers to pay for hardware through monthly installments. 9to5Mac reports: The code describes a system called App Managed Features, which allows an authorized financing or provider app to enroll an iPhone and perform ongoing status checks. If the contract is no longer in good standing, Apple's system services can place the iPhone in "Restricted Mode," which blocks access to most apps until the payment or contract issue is resolved, while keeping a small set of apps available. The fixed allowlist currently found in the iOS 27 beta includes: Accessibility Reader, App Store, Health, Magnifier, Phone, Clock, Settings, Wallet, Passwords, and the Restricted Mode interface itself. Apps that can send critical alerts, such as Messages, Home, and certain medication or safety apps, may also remain accessible. However, the provider appears to have some control over those exceptions. The code does not appear to cancel, suspend, or otherwise modify App Store subscriptions associated with blocked apps. As a result, a subscription could continue billing even while access to its app is restricted. Additionally, there isn't a fixed number of missed payments that automatically triggers the restrictions. The financing provider's app decides when to lock the device based on its own policies. Finally, the new framework also introduces a new type of activation lock called "Partner Finance Lock," which is meant to prevent users from erasing, reselling, or stripping a restricted device for parts.

Read more of this story at Slashdot.

Apple is allowing iPhone developers in Brazil to distribute apps through authorized alternative marketplaces and use third-party payment systems following action by the country's competition regulator. "In other words, developers in Brazil will be able to circumvent the App Store and Apple's in-app purchase system, but there are still fees," reports MacRumors. Apple will collect commissions ranging from 5% on externally distributed apps to as much as 26% for some App Store transactions using its payment system. From the report: Alternative app marketplaces will have to be authorized by Apple and will need to meet ongoing requirements. For apps that are still distributed through the App Store, developers will be able to include an alternative payment processing method in their app and/or link users to a website to complete a transaction. These changes are available on iOS 26.5 and later, and they are the result of regulatory action from Brazil's competition regulator. Apple has added a new page on its website with additional details for developers in Brazil. Apple said these changes introduce privacy and security risks for users, including children. The company has introduced safeguards to mitigate these risks, including a notarization process for iOS apps, an authorization process for app marketplaces, and limitations on external links and alternative payments for users under the age of 18. Apple has already allowed alternative app stores and/or third-party payment systems on iOS in the EU, Japan, and South Korea, and it will likely be forced to do so in the UK and Australia too, due to similar regulations in those countries.

Read more of this story at Slashdot.

Apple released Updates on May 11, 2026 for current versions of their Operating System software, as well as for a number of older versions of macOS and iOS/iPadOS. The updates include more than 50 fixes for security issues including Kernel, WebKit, and Network vulnerabilities. Some new features have also been added. As an example, Apple […]