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Google shuts down global botnet running on certified Android devices

Google and an assortment of partners shut down a botnet that an approved Android device manufacturer purposefully deployed across more than 1.3 million TV set-top boxes, the company said Monday. 

Videostrong Technology Co., a China-based Android original equipment and device manufacturer, implanted a backdoor into multiple devices it sold. Those backdoors established XCPE, an expansive botnet that cybercriminals used to conduct ad fraud, steal data and route malicious traffic through residential proxy networks, according to a Google Threat Intelligence Group report.

Google took legal action to shut down the domains and servers Videostrong used to control the botnet. The company also took down command-and-control domains that more than a dozen malware families ran as modules through the XCPE backdoor, claiming it disrupted access to at least 10 million additional compromised devices from various manufacturers.

Videostrong sold Android devices with pre-installed malware for years, slipping by Google’s security tests by loading the malicious code after the device’s first boot. “The XCPE operators constantly evolved its configurations to evade Google’s pre and post-launch detections,” Charley Snyder, head of disruption operations at GTIG, told CyberScoop.

Snyder declined to say when or how Google first became aware of the approved vendor running a botnet on Android-powered devices. 

“We found this malicious software built directly into many different device models and brands over multiple years, supported by dedicated infrastructure and constantly evolving configurations to evade detection and manage their affiliates,” Google researchers wrote in the report. “We believe this campaign wasn’t an isolated rogue insider or a development oversight.”

Google banned Videostrong and any future subsidiaries from building or selling certified Android devices, and said it changed its review process to detect and stop similar activities in the future. Yet, Snyder said the company isn’t sharing specifics on these changes because it doesn’t want to provide threat actors insights that might help them circumvent these additional protections.

Most of the devices comprising the XCPE botnet were Android TV set-top boxes, but researchers also observed infected Android-based telehealth devices, karaoke machines and digital signs. 

“Without users’ knowledge or consent, infected devices were offered as a distribution mechanism for a wide array of criminal actors,” researchers wrote in the report. “This led to a variety of malicious activities being conducted on and through the devices, including ad-fraud, data exfiltration, and routing malicious network traffic through the devices.”

The botnet spanned more than 170 countries, with the largest concentration of infected devices based in Malaysia, Brazil, Iraq, Mexico and Taiwan, according to TrendAI researchers. Nearly 44,000 infected devices were based in the United States between June and October.

Google also partnered with Japan’s National Police Agency, Lumen Technologies, Human Security, Plume and Synthient to study and disrupt the botnet. 

The company said the dismantling of XCPE “seriously impacted over a dozen malicious actors,” yet it warned that the underlying market for backdoors, ad fraud and residential proxy networks are resilient and operating as an interconnected supply chain.

The post Google shuts down global botnet running on certified Android devices appeared first on CyberScoop.

Google Begins Certifying Registered App Stores For Android

An anonymous reader quotes a report from Ars Technica: Running an app ecosystem has gotten a lot more complex for Google after its loss in the Epic Games antitrust case. While U.S. users can access app stores in Google Play by court order, international users will use Google's voluntary Registered App Stores program. Google has announced that stores wishing to be part of that program are now free to apply, and support will roll out to some Android devices later this year. App stores accepted into the program will enjoy preferential treatment on the Android platform. Users of approved stores will be able to install apps with a single click, similar to the experience in the Play Store. These stores will also be allowed to update apps silently in the background like Google's store does. [...] Registered App Stores are still happening on Android, but they won't be supported in the U.S. -- you can go to Google Play for alternative stores stateside, but so far, Aptoide remains the only one listed. Those operating Android app storefronts who want to be included in the international program can now review the program and begin the enrollment process. Any store hoping to get approval will have to adhere to a number of requirements, including protecting intellectual property, removing illegal content, and publishing a privacy policy for both users and developers. Google also requires several ongoing security measures to ensure the stores do not give malware easier access to Android devices. As part of the application process, store operators must provide documentation for all these points (in English) and upload copies of all their apps. It costs $10,000 per year to participate in the Android Registered App Stores program, and that fee must be paid before Google will review the application. Google says this fee covers the additional support necessary to run the program. There may also be additional review fees if Google detects a store has a problem with malware. Google plans to roll out support in dozens of nations, which includes most of the world outside of the U.S. and Europe. The program goes live on December 1, but it will only work on Android devices running the latest builds of Android 17. Google says support will start with Android 17 QPR2, which is expected to arrive on Pixel phones in the coming weeks.

Read more of this story at Slashdot.

Google Play Now Lets Anyone Build Private, Vibe-Coded Apps That Run On Android

Google Play is adding support for private personal Android apps, allowing users to build an app with tools like Google AI Studio and run it on their own devices without publishing it publicly to the Play Store. "These personal apps won't show up in Google Play's search or listing pages, and won't be shared with anyone except for the app's creator," reports TechCrunch. From the report: The idea comes as more people are experimenting with building their own applications via AI for specific, personal needs. However, being able to use that app on their own Android device has meant publishing to Google Play, making it accessible to the Play Store's some 3 billion users. That led many to limit their vibe-coding efforts to web apps that could run on any device instead of something built natively for Android. Now, Google says Android device owners can vibe-code an app using Google AI Studio, then launch it for their own use. These apps are still required to comply with Google Play's existing policies but allow users to experiment more directly with building apps for Android. Initially, the feature will be available to users in the U.S., age 18 and up. [...] In the months ahead, the company said that users will be able to share their vibe-coded creations with a network of trusted friends. That means the apps you built for family or friends, or maybe your child's T-ball league, could be used with a small group of people, without having to go public on the Play Store. And if the app ever really becomes popular, there will be a way to shift the personal app to one that's published on the Google Play Store for everyone to try, after completing the trust and safety reviews.

Read more of this story at Slashdot.

Google Opens Preorders for Its $899 Gemini-Enhanced 'Googlebook' Laptops

Monday Google opened preorders for its "Googlebook" laptops, pricing them at $899. A Google's blog post added that "At launch, you can choose between Intel Core Ultra Series 3 and Snapdragon X Elite processors" (paired with NPUs to power AI features). "Devices will hit shelves on October 4 in the U.S. and on October 5 in Canada, the U.K., Ireland, France, Germany, and Australia," TechCrunch points out. But "the real pull for the new devices is that they'll prominently feature Gemini's latest capabilities in a new format: the laptop." Google is trying to offer a laptop with unique features like an AI-powered cursor, vibe-coded widgets, and support for AI-enhanced dictation. The latter is a feature called Rambler, which cleans up messy, rambling brain dumps into readable text. The move is a bet that AI, specifically Google's Gemini, could be enough of a draw to get people to buy a new laptop that bakes in AI instead of running them via desktop apps you install or access through the browser... On the Googlebook, Google is trying to reinvent the "point-and-click" experience of desktop computing to now include an AI element: The cursor serves as a conduit to Gemini. The company suggests various ways this could be used, like highlighting content on a web page for Gemini to work with, asking Gemini to see if an email you've hovered your cursor over is suspicious, or selecting images and then asking Gemini to visualize them together... What's more interesting about the Googlebook is how it's seemingly part of Google's longer-term plan to capture a large part of the K-12 market that currently relies on Chromebooks and push them toward the company's Gemini AI. There are somewhere around 50 million Chromebooks in schools, used by students and educators, Google has said. In May, the company told TechCrunch that its current Chromebooks would continue to be supported, though many would become eligible to transition to the new Googlebook experience in the future... Flagship devices in the new range are being built by Acer, ASUS, Dell, HP, and Lenovo, with materials like aluminum, magnesium alloy, and carbon fiber... Google says the device will offer up to 14 hours of battery life. Googlebooks will be decorated with an exterior Glowbar "which dances when you boot up, sweeps to show battery level, and supports other playful patterns," according to Google's blog post. "We're also opening Glowbar access to developers to build custom, interactive animations." After testing actual Googlebooks, The Verge's reviewer first acknowledges that "it might be just another Trojan horse for Gemini." Still, "The hardware is polished (since it's based on current laptops). The OS is familiar (if you've ever used a Chromebook). But most impressive, it integrates your Android phone with your PC so they feel more like one device. It's the culmination of a series of new ideas that blur the two devices together. "After my first look, I went from doubtful to excited by the prospect of Google pulling it all off..." The Asus was incredibly lightweight; the Lenovo has plenty of ports and an optional mouse with a matching Glowbar light; the Acer's convertible form factor allows some tablet-like use (and it's pretty affordable for a Panther Lake laptop). The HP had a great-looking screen and a latticeless keyboard I surprisingly didn't hate, and the Dell is basically a gold XPS 13 (which is excellent) but with a different chip... But everything really special about Googlebooks comes down to software... You can cast apps from an Android phone directly to a Googlebook, even without touching your phone. Googlebooks essentially have two app drawers: a G-logo start menu for installed Googlebook apps and a second one beside it that pulls up mobile apps from your phone. Click a phone app and you can fully use that app with the mouse and keyboard or the Googlebook's touchscreen. It's a bit like iPhone Mirroring on macOS, but the apps are individually extracted to the desktop OS instead of showing your whole phone interface. Googlebooks also have a nifty feature called Continue On where the icons of apps you're currently using on your phone appear in the bottom bar — allowing you to click it on the laptop and hand it off to the Googlebook. These app handoffs can transition to a native app or a web app, depending on how developers have programmed it... The other big way Googlebooks interact with an Android phone is Quick Access, allowing you to see and access all the files stored on your phone right in the desktop Files app... If you have an iPhone then you're limited to a Link to iOS app that just does some message syncing and replying... [W]hen it comes to mainline gaming, Nvidia's GeForce Now service is also coming to Googlebooks, and the first year is free with one of Google's new laptops. "It's not every day we get a new player in the desktop operating system and laptop spaces," the reviewer points out. "There seems to be a higher ceiling of potential with Googlebooks than there was with Chromebooks, along with some cool features, but Google has a lot to prove at higher prices than people are used to paying for its laptops."

Read more of this story at Slashdot.

Kimwolf botnet rebuilt to survive takedowns, researchers say

The developers of a notorious botnet that’s powered mostly by hijacked Android TV boxes and other internet-connected devices have released a new version built to blend attack traffic in with ordinary web browsing and to keep its command channels from being seized by law enforcement, researchers at Palo Alto Networks said in a report published Tuesday.

The company’s Unit 42 threat intelligence group, which tracks the botnet as Kimwolf or Aisuru, said the newest version has been active since February, a month before authorities seized infrastructure powering previous versions of the botnet. 

The biggest change, according to the report, is a new flood method built on HTTP/2, the protocol that carries most web traffic today. A flood is the crude heart of a DDoS attack: thousands of infected devices send a target far more requests than it can answer. Rather than fire raw packets, this latest Kimwolf version operates with full browser fingerprints, copying the header order and behavior of the Chrome web browser. That matters because the usual defense against a flood is for tools to spot the fake traffic and drop or block it before it reaches the server. Traffic that looks like Chrome does not get dropped, so a site under attack must either serve every request and fall over, or start turning away the customers it cannot tell apart from the bots.

The second change, according to researchers, looks like it was done to withstand further takedowns. Every bot has to ask a command server for orders, which is also what authorities aim to disrupt in botnet takedowns. Normally, the command server address sits inside the malware as a web domain name, so investigators who take that name from its registrar are able to disrupt an entire botnet. 

This Kimwolf version moves its command beyond registrar controls. The malware now looks up its command address in the Ethereum Name Service, a directory that lives on the Ethereum blockchain. A web address using this service can display the way a normal domain does, but the domain’s record sits in a ledger copied across thousands of computers worldwide. The malware carries five public Ethereum services and shuffles the order before each attempt, making it harder for defensive tools to block. Additionally, there is no company to serve with a law enforcement order and no domain record to seize.

Additionally, if all five addresses fail, the botnet falls back to a fixed Tor hidden service address written into the code. Tor resolves that address through its own network rather than the ordinary domain system, and it hides where the server actually sits, which leaves investigators without a host to contact.

Researchers’ infrastructure analysis pointed to the machines powering the command structure to be located in Russia. Four of these servers shared a SSH host key, with further analysis finding that the servers sit in one network registered in Saint Petersburg.

It’s unclear if this version was made by people behind previous iterations of the botnet, or a new person or threat group looking to capitalize on the botnet’s notoriety among malicious actors. 

Unit 42 did not respond to CyberScoop’s request for comment. 

Kimwolf, which splintered off from the record-setting Aisuru DDoS botnet last year, gained the widespread attention of security researchers when it temporarily claimed the top spot in Cloudflare’s global domain rankings in late October 2025. Previous versions of the botnet were disrupted by an international law enforcement operation in March that ended with Kimwolf’s infrastructure being seized.

A Canadian man alleged to run the botnet was arrested in May and extradited to the United States.
  

The post Kimwolf botnet rebuilt to survive takedowns, researchers say appeared first on CyberScoop.

Field Guide to the Android Manifest File

Every Android application has a “manifest.xml” file located in the root directory of the APK. (Remember APKs are just zip files.) The manifest file is like a guide to the application.

The post Field Guide to the Android Manifest File appeared first on Black Hills Information Security, Inc..

Start to Finish: Configuring an Android Phone for Pentesting

Jeff Barbi // *Guest Post Background Unless you’re pentesting mobile apps consistently, it’s easy for your methodologies to fall out of date. Each new version of Android brings with it […]

The post Start to Finish: Configuring an Android Phone for Pentesting appeared first on Black Hills Information Security, Inc..

Embedding Meterpreter in Android APK

Joff Thyer// Mobile is everywhere these days. So many applications in our daily life are being migrated towards a cloud deployment whereby the front end technology is back to the […]

The post Embedding Meterpreter in Android APK appeared first on Black Hills Information Security, Inc..

Android Dev & Penetration Testing Setup – Part 2: Installing Android Studio

Joff Thyer // Editor’s Note:  This is part 2 of a 3 part series.  Part 1 discussed configuring your virtual machine engine and virtual hardware emulation.  Part 2 (this part) covers […]

The post Android Dev & Penetration Testing Setup – Part 2: Installing Android Studio appeared first on Black Hills Information Security, Inc..

Android Dev & Penetration Testing Setup – Part 1

Joff Thyer // Editor’s Note:  This is part 1 of a 3 part series.  Part 1 will discuss configuring your virtual machine engine and virtual hardware emulation.  Part 2 covers installing […]

The post Android Dev & Penetration Testing Setup – Part 1 appeared first on Black Hills Information Security, Inc..

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