In a novel maneuver for a disruption operation against cyber attackers, industry and law enforcement teamed up to conduct a court takedown of two widely-used criminal tools at once rather than individually, Microsoft said Tuesday.

The takedown simultaneously went after Amadey, a botnet that can serve as a malware delivery system, and StealC, an infostealer. Cybercriminals often use them in conjunction and they rely on the same infrastructure, Microsoft said.

“When multiple parts of an operation are disrupted together, attacks are harder to launch, scale, and recover from,” said Steven Masada, assistant general counsel for Microsoft’s Digital Crimes Unit. “The result: fewer disrupted services, fewer opportunities for cybercriminals to profit, and more friction when they try to rebuild. It’s no longer enough to go after threats one by one. We need to interrupt how the attacks are put together.”

Microsoft had been tracking Amadey with ESET, BitSight, Lumen and Mitsui Bussan Secure Directions. Meanwhile, Europol had been investigating StealC alongside law enforcement partners including Germany’s Federal Criminal Police Office and the Dutch and Danish National Police as well as IBM X-Force and Proofpoint.

They then joined forces and turned to the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act, used to help authorities go after organized crime, to disrupt more than 200 command-and-control servers. Microsoft said it gained insights from its artificial intelligence product Copilot that “allowed the legal team to treat both malware families as part of a single criminal conspiracy.”

Microsoft regularly leads court-authorized disruption operations, but the industry and law enforcement partnerships combined with AI to expand data collection and identify connections beyond what one company could normally do, it said.

Amadey and StealC were linked to more than 140,000 infected computers around the globe in the first week of May alone, the company said. StealC has ranked among the top infostealers for years since its emergence in 2023 and sells in underground forums as a malware-as-a-service. It’s typically used by Russia-linked groups.

Amadey dates back to 2018, and is also commonly employed by Russian groups, including in attacks on Ukraine.

Their interaction shows the assembly line-like structure of modern cybercrime, Microsoft said. Even if the cybercriminals behind both tools never coordinate, their tools are designed to work together, it said.

“StealC is an infostealer that collects sensitive data from browsers, cryptocurrency wallets, messaging applications, email clients, and gaming platforms,” the company wrote in a separate blog post. “It is a malware-as-a-service (MaaS) offering that threat actors use to generate customized payloads and manage stolen data through a centralized web panel. Meanwhile, Amadey is a MaaS loader that threat actors use to deliver StealC and other malware. Modular, pay-as-you-go models like StealC and Amadey allow threat actors to use a single initial infection to quickly escalate into multiple other threats.”

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Authorities on Thursday disrupted a botnet, a malware framework and seized infrastructure that Evil Corp and other cybercrime groups used to steal data and break into various networks.

The globally coordinated effort targeted SocGholish, multi-stage malware that has compromised websites, redirected users to traffic distribution systems (TDS) and slipped malware into their networks since 2017.

“The malware establishes an initial foothold into victim computers, collectively known as a botnet, and is then used by threat actors for further targeting with ransomware campaigns and espionage,” the FBI’s cyber division said in a statement. 

Cybersecurity firms, researchers and officials from the United States, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands and Europol took down 106 servers and remediated nearly 15,000 sites that were infected with the malware. Officials also disabled the botnet and notified victims.

Sites infected with SocGholish, which are primarily hosted on WordPress, were widespread and provided everyday services including restaurants and auto repair shops, according to the Dutch National Police. 

The botnet, also known as “FakeUpdates,” is linked to the Russian cybercrime group Evil Corp. It also provided initial access to other ransomware variants, including DoppelPaymer, WastedLoocker, Hades Ransomware, LockBit, RansomHub and others, according to Infoblox, which participated in the takedown. 

Proofpoint, which also participated in the disruption, described Evil Corp as one of the most prominent cybercrime groups in operation and the “grandfather” of a threat type that compromises websites and uses TDS to redirect users to malware.

Following the takedown, the FBI issued a public service announcement warning about cybercriminals using TDS to break into victim networks for ransomware or other financial scams. 

Cybercriminals redirect traffic from sites to bypass firewalls, obscure their activity, identify potential victims and send them to phishing pages to steal credentials, initiate financial scams, access networks, deliver other malware, and sell access to other cybercriminals, officials said.

The law enforcement action was part of Operation Endgame, a multinational effort targeting cybercrime since 2024, and more narrowly for the FBI part of Operation Riptide, an ongoing campaign targeting cybercriminals and the infrastructure and financial networks they use to commit fraud.

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Google threat hunters spotted yet another Chinese state-sponsored espionage group that for years had burrowed into systems belonging to government and private organizations to steal data across academia, medicine, military, cybersecurity and foreign policy. 

Google Threat Intelligence Group discovered the previously unknown threat group UNC6508, which targeted organizations in the United States and Canada, in late 2025 but traced its earliest known compromise back to September 2023. 

The revelation mirrors an alarming pattern of Chinese espionage groups dropping backdoors into critical infrastructure to pre-position for potential sabotage, intercept research and steal data with national security implications. These groups working at the behest of China’s government, including UNC6508, operated in stealth for years before authorities or researchers discovered their activity.

“We don’t know the full extent or impact of the campaign,” Patrick Whitsell, senior security engineer at GTIG, told CyberScoop. Researchers said the threat group intruded a medical research university in September 2023, stole credentials and communications, and remained active on the institution’s systems through November 2025 when it was discovered.

Google said it confirmed multiple victims compromised with INFINITERED, a custom backdoor the threat group deployed on targeted networks to steal administrative credentials after it exploited externally facing REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture) servers.

Researchers still don’t know how UNC6508 gained initial access to the REDCap servers. Google said the survey and database software, which was created at Vanderbilt University and issued multiple patches for critical remote-code execution vulnerabilities throughout 2023, is widely used across the medical research community. 

“Given the breadth of the threat actor’s intelligence collection criteria and their ability to remain undetected within compromised networks for more than a year, we assess the known victims likely represent only a fraction of a larger campaign,” Whitsell said. “We also assess that this highly capable threat actor will remain active and continue to be a threat to the defense, technology and medical industries for the foreseeable future.”

Google said the campaign targeted clinical providers, academic medical centers and U.S. military health institutions, demonstrating advanced capabilities from a threat group that doesn’t currently overlap with any other publicly known groups.

The threat group abused domain compliance rules to steal data, a technique that doesn’t rely on malware or living-off-the-land tools, and routed traffic through U.S.-based IPs to blend in with legitimate traffic, researchers said.

“We have some evidence to suggest this is a large threat group with multiple sub-teams, but this is not confirmed,” Whitsell said.

Like other previously identified China state-sponsored espionage groups, UNC6508 remains active.

Google said it disrupted some of UNC6508’s known infrastructure by disabling an Gmail account it used to exfiltrate data, notified the affected organizations and helped remediate compromises before it published research on UNC6508’s activities.

Whitsell said several unconfirmed instances of compromise remain under investigation.

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A self-replicating malware campaign known as Mini Shai-Hulud has resurfaced, this time embedding itself across hundreds of npm packages. The threat actor behind it, identified as TeamPCP, has been linked to earlier waves of the same campaign, with this latest variant more capable than previous waves.

Researchers analyzing the payload found a worm that spreads autonomously, installs persistent backdoors at the operating system level, and is specifically engineered to survive the most common first response: removing the package.

How the attack works

The malware executes the moment an affected software package is installed, whether in a developer’s local environment or inside a CI/CD pipeline. A hook fires before any other step, giving the payload immediate access to the machine.

It harvests GitHub tokens, npm tokens, SSH keys, cloud provider credentials, and database connection strings. In automated build environments, it uses the pipeline’s own trusted identity to obtain publishing credentials, allowing it to push poisoned package versions to the registry under a legitimate maintainer’s name. The stolen data is sent to attacker-controlled GitHub repositories.

After it steals a publishing token, the malware checks every package that token can access, adds its code to those packages, and publishes new poisoned versions using the maintainer’s account. One infected CI runner — the machine or virtual server that automatically builds, tests and publishes code for a project — can therefore taint every package that runner is allowed to publish. It also searches a developer’s computer for other Node.js projects and copies itself into them, so a single infected install can compromise an entire workstation.

“If any of the affected packages ran in your environment, treat the machine or runner as exposed until secrets are rotated, persistence artifacts are removed, and recent publish activity has been reviewed,” Aikido Security researchers wrote in a blog post. 

Removing the package is not enough

Researchers found that a standard dependency rollback leaves the attacker’s access intact. The malware embeds backdoors in developer tool settings — notably .vscode/tasks.json and .claude/settings.json — which remain on disk even after the npm package is removed. Those files must be audited and cleaned to eliminate the attacker’s foothold.

The payload also installs OS-level background services: a systemd user service on Linux, a LaunchAgent on macOS. Both run a backdoor called kitty-monitor, which polls GitHub’s commit search every hour for signed remote commands. A second process, gh-token-monitor, checks stolen GitHub tokens every 60 seconds — alerting the attacker the moment one is revoked. An attacker can maintain access and monitor the victim’s response in near real time, long after the original infection has been discovered.

Multiple security companies have pointed out which popular dependencies are being targeted. In this wave, it’s been popular data visualization software, including Alibaba’s open-source AntV and TallyUI. The campaign also touched widely used utilities such as echarts-for-react (a React wrapper for ECharts) and timeago.js (a small JavaScript library that allows developers to format timestamps).

“Even if only a subset of those packages received malicious updates, the popularity of the package ecosystem creates meaningful downstream exposure for organizations that automatically pull new dependency versions,” wrote researchers from Socket, an application security company.

The campaign remains active. Because the worm propagates using tokens stolen from infected environments, the number of affected packages is expected to grow. Researchers have warned that any machine or pipeline that installed an affected version should be treated as fully compromised.

Last week, TeamPCP targeted other prominent software libraries with the malware, including TanStack, UiPath, and MistralAI.

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Microsoft seized infrastructure and disrupted a cybercrime service that created and sold more than 1,000 code-signing certificates that other cybercriminals used to make malware-riddled software appear trusted and legitimate for follow-on cyberattacks, including ransomware, the company said Tuesday.

The financially-motivated threat group, which Microsoft tracks as Fox Tempest, provided the malware-signing-as-a-service to multiple ransomware groups, including Rhysida, Vanilla Tempest, Storm-0501, Storm-2561 and Storm-0249 for at least a year before Microsoft was granted a court order to dismantle the operation. 

Fox Tempest, which Microsoft has been tracking since September 2025, abused Microsoft’s Artifact Signing system by fabricating identities and impersonating legitimate organizations to access the code-signing services of Microsoft, Steven Masada, assistant general counsel at Microsoft Digital Crimes Unit, said during a media briefing Monday.  

Cybercriminals paid Fox Tempest up to $9,500 to get their malicious code signed, allowing them to slip software through defenses and bypass controls designed to confirm programs are authentic and linked to a trusted source. 

“This isn’t the obvious knockoff you might find on a street corner. It’s more like a counterfeit product that’s so precise that even the experts have trouble distinguishing it from the real thing,” Masada said. “It acts as a fake ID that lets cybercriminals get into systems by walking right through the front door.”

While attackers and defenders have historically focused on the entry points of attacks, Fox Tempest’s operation exemplifies a broader move upstream to how attacks are built in the first place, he added. 

“It’s no longer just about tricking users to click on a link, it’s about exploiting the very systems that we rely on to decide what is and what isn’t safe,” Masada said. 

Cybercriminals have been reselling code-signing certificates for a least a decade, but Fox Tempest’s operation was unique in providing a massively scalable service for extortion, phishing, SEO poisoning or malware-laced advertising, said Maurice Mason, who led the investigation into Fox Tempest as principal cybercrime investigator at Microsoft’s DCU. 

Mason said ransomware operators and other threat groups primarily deployed these fraudulent certificates in ads or SEO poisoning, which brought their malicious software and infostealers to the top of search rankings, ensnaring unsuspecting victims who thought they were downloading and running legitimate applications. 

Fox Tempest’s operation, which included an authenticated portal and a drag-and-drop feature that allowed customers to get their code signed, was directly linked to the deployment of dozens of malware families, including Oyster, Lumma Stealer, MuddyWater and Vidar, he added. 

Microsoft said the threat group is also linked to ransomware affiliates for INC, Qilin, Akira and others. The operation had a global impact, resulting in attacks on the healthcare, education, government and financial services sectors, and most heavily targeted organizations and people in the United States, France, India and China.

“Why wouldn’t you pay those thousands of dollars if you’re a threat actor and you’re getting it back in extortion and ransomware worth millions? This is like chump change to you,” Mason said. 

Microsoft said it evicted or deleted more than 1,000 accounts and subscriptions Fox Tempest used to provide its services. The company also seized the threat group’s website, took hundreds of virtual machines offline and blocked access to a site hosting the underlying code. 

“This disruption likely is going to raise the cost for attackers, and we’re hoping that they move off of using these services,” Mason said. “Obviously it’s just a disruption and there’s other things that they’ll probably move to, or someone might try to do this a different way next time.”

Fox Tempest is an example of the fully developed cybercrime economy defenders confront now, Masada said. 

“In many cases, an actor no longer needs to build an attack from scratch. They can simply assemble one by purchasing its components — a phish kit from one vendor, malware from another, infrastructure and optimization tools from yet others, and so on,” he said. 

“As we focus more of our recent disruptions on marketplaces and service providers, we’re getting a much clearer picture of how the economy actually functions, and what’s emerging is a stratified ecosystem,” Masada added. 

“At one end, you have commoditized tools that are mass produced and built for scale, things like turnkey phishing kits or credential harvesting services,” he said. “But above that, we’re seeing a more sophisticated tier of operators, highly specialized services focused on evasion, durability, and optimization. These are not just enabling attacks, they’re engineering them to succeed against modern defenses.”

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Interpol coordinated an expansive investigation with 13 countries in the Middle East and North Africa to disrupt and take down cybercrime operations, including phishing services and tools, malware and scams. The law enforcement effort netted 201 arrests, led to the seizure of 53 servers and disrupted multiple cybercrime services, Interpol said Monday.

Operation Ramz, which the law enforcement organization said was the first large-scale effort of its kind in the region, also identified 382 suspects over a four-month period ending in February. The collective countermeasures allowed authorities to pin the various malicious activities to nearly 4,000 victims.

“In a world where cybercriminals exploit the digital landscape without borders, Operation Rams demonstrates the effectiveness of global collaboration,” Neal Jetton, Interpol’s director of cybercrime, said in a statement.

Police in Jordan tracked down a computer involved in financial fraud scams and, during a raid, found 15 people carrying out the scams who were later determined to be victims of human trafficking. The victims were recruited under false promises of employment from their home countries in Asia and had their passports confiscated upon arrival in Jordan, officials said. 

A pair of ringleaders behind the operation, who forced or coerced the victims to participate in the scheme, were arrested, according to Interpol. 

Law enforcement agencies in Algeria dismantled a phishing service by seizing a server and other devices linked to the operation. Moroccan authorities also seized multiple devices containing banking data and software for phishing operations.

Officials in Oman remediated a server containing sensitive information that was infected with malware, and compromised by vulnerabilities. Meanwhile, investigators in Qatar identified and secured multiple compromised devices that were being used, unbeknownst to their owners, of spreading malicious threats. 

Authorities involved in the months-long effort gathered almost 8,000 pieces of data that was shared among participating countries to support ongoing investigations.

Operation Ramz was supported by Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Tunisia and the United Arab Emirates. Multiple companies and organizations also helped Interpol track illegal cyber activities and identify malicious servers, including Group-IB, Kaspersky, the Shadowserver Foundation, Team Cymru and Trend Micro. 

“Interpol is dedicated to working with its member countries and private sector partners to take down malicious infrastructure, disrupt criminal groups and bring perpetrators to justice,” Jetton said.

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A state-sponsored hacking group has implanted a custom backdoor on Cisco network security devices that can survive firmware updates and standard reboots, U.S. and British cybersecurity authorities disclosed Thursday, marking a significant escalation in a campaign that has targeted government and critical infrastructure networks since at least late 2025.

The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency and the United Kingdom’s National Cyber Security Centre jointly published a malware analysis report identifying the backdoor, code-named Firestarter. Cisco’s threat intelligence division, Talos, attributed the malware to a threat actor it tracks as UAT-4356. The company attributed the same group to a 2024 espionage campaign called ArcaneDoor, which focused on compromising network perimeter devices.

CISA confirmed it discovered Firestarter on a U.S. federal civilian agency’s Cisco Firepower device after identifying suspicious connections through continuous network monitoring. The finding prompted an updated emergency directive issued Thursday, requiring all federal civilian agencies to audit their Cisco firewall infrastructure and submit device memory snapshots for analysis by Friday.

A backdoor that outlasts patches

The central concern driving the updated directive is the attack group’s ability to persist on compromised devices, even after enterprises applied security patches Cisco released in September 2025. Those patches addressed two vulnerabilities — CVE-2025-20333, a remote code execution flaw in the VPN web server component, and CVE-2025-20362, an unauthorized access vulnerability — that UAT-4356 exploited to gain initial entry. According to CISA, devices compromised before patching may still harbor the implant.

Firestarter allows attackers to achieve persistence by manipulating the Cisco Service Platform mount list, a configuration file that governs which programs execute during the device’s boot sequence. When the device receives a termination signal or enters a reboot, the malware copies itself to a secondary location and rewrites the mount list to restore and relaunch itself after the system comes back online. 

Critically, a standard software reboot does not remove the implant. Only a hard reboot — physically disconnecting the device from its power supply — is sufficient to clear the persistence mechanism from memory, according to both CISA and Cisco.

From there, the malware injects malicious shellcode into LINA, the core networking and firewalling code of Cisco’s Adaptive Security Appliance and Firepower Threat Defense software. Once embedded, the malware intercepts a specific type of network request normally used for VPN authentication. When a request arrives containing a hidden trigger sequence, it executes code supplied by the attackers, giving them a backdoor into the device.

Ties to ongoing campaign

Cisco Talos noted that Firestarter shares significant technical similarities with a previously documented implant called RayInitiator, suggesting the tools share a common origin or development history within UAT-4356’s arsenal.

In the federal agency incident analyzed by CISA, the attackers first deployed a separate implant, called Line Viper, to gain access to device configurations, credentials, and encryption keys. Firestarter was installed shortly after, prior to Cisco’s September 2025 patches being applied to those specific devices. When the agency patched its systems, Firestarter stayed on the devices, and the actors used it to then redeploy Line Viper in March, nearly six months after the initial breach.

Cisco and CISA did not attribute the espionage attacks to a specific nation state, but Censys researchers previously said it found compelling evidence indicating a threat group based in China was behind the ArcaneDoor campaign. Censys noted it found evidence of multiple major Chinese networks and Chinese-developed anti-censorship software during its investigation into the early 2024 attacks.

The persistence vulnerability affects a broad range of Cisco hardware, including the Firepower 1000, 2100, 4100, and 9300 series, as well as the Secure Firewall 1200, 3100, and 4200 series.

Cisco has released updated software to address the persistence mechanism, though the company strongly recommends reimaging affected devices rather than relying solely on software updates where compromise is suspected.

The incident reflects a pattern increasingly seen among state-linked hackers: targeting the network edge devices that organizations rely on to enforce security boundaries. Because these appliances sit at the perimeter of enterprise and government networks, compromising them can expose internal traffic and give attackers a position to intercept credentials and communications.

CISA acknowledged active exploitation of the underlying vulnerabilities was ongoing at the time of publication.

A Cisco spokesperson told CyberScoop that customers needing assistance should contact Cisco Technical Assistance for support. CISA did not respond to a request for comment. 

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Cybercrime remains a booming business. 

Annual cybercrime losses amounted to almost $20.9 billion last year, reflecting a 26% increase from 2024, the FBI’s Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) said in its annual report Tuesday.

The comprehensive study exposes a worsening digital crime environment that is driving financial losses, with momentum moving in the wrong direction and compounding at an alarming rate. Annual cybercrime losses have jumped almost 400% from $4.2 billion in 2020, and cumulative losses in that five-year period surpassed $71.3 billion.

The FBI’s IC3, which formed as the country’s central hub for cybercrime reporting in 2000, is busier than ever. “We now average almost 3,000 complaints per day,” Jose Perez, the FBI’s operations director for its criminal and cyber branch, wrote in the report. 

The annual internet crime report highlights growing and sustaining trends. Yet, the scope of the study is limited and relies entirely on cybercrime incidents submitted to the FBI. 

The full impact of cybercrime remains murky, as an unknown number of victims suffer in the shadows and never report the crimes they endure.

The FBI received more than 1 million complaints last year, with victims aged over 60 reporting the largest amount of crimes that also resulted in the greatest amount of total losses by age group. Victims at least 60 years old filed 201,000 complaints with losses totaling nearly $7.75 billion, or about 37% of all cybercrime-related losses last year.

Investment-related fraud remained the largest component of cybercrime losses in 2025, reaching almost $8.65 billion. Business email compromise took the No. 2 spot with almost $3.05 billion in losses, followed by tech support scams at more than $2.1 billion. 

Cryptocurrency was the primary conduit for fraud linked to investment and tech support scams last year, while wire transfers composed the bulk of fraud resulting from business email compromise, according to the report.

Phishing was the most commonly reported type of cybercrime last year, followed by extortion, investment scams and personal data breaches. The FBI tallied losses amounting to $122.5 million from extortion and $32.3 million from ransomware last year.

The FBI also received more than 75,000 reports of sextortion last year, including more than 5,700 submissions that were referred to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children.

The top five cyber threats reported to IC3 in 2025 included data breaches at 39%, ransomware at 36%, SIM swapping at 10%, malware at 9% and botnets at 7%. 

The FBI received more than 3,600 complaints reporting ransomware last year. The five most reported variants included Akira, Qilin, INC, BianLian and Play.

Each of the 16 critical infrastructure sectors reported ransomware attacks last year, and the most heavily targeted included health care, manufacturing, financial services, government and IT.

The IC3 primarily receives complaints from U.S. residents and businesses, but it also received complaints from more than 200 countries last year, which accounted for nearly $1.6 billion in total losses. 

While losses and the sheer amount of cybercrime continued to climb last year, “the FBI continues to disrupt and deter malicious cyber actors — and shift the cost from victims to our adversaries,” Perez wrote in the report.

“It has never been more important to be diligent with your cybersecurity, social media footprint, and electronic interactions,” he added. “Cyber threats and cyber-enabled crime will continue to evolve as the world embraces emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence.”

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A hacker briefly delivered malware this week through a popular open-source project for software developers that has an estimated 100 million weekly downloads, raising the possibility of compromises spreading widely through a supply-chain attack.

Axios is a JavaScript client library used in web requests. The unknown attacker hijacked the npm account — npm being a package manager for JavaScript — of the lead axios maintainer, and then published malicious versions of axios with remote access trojans to npm. That happened on Sunday night going into Monday morning, cybersecurity firm Huntress said, before the poisoned versions were pulled.

Aikido, another security firm, called it “one of the most impactful npm supply chain attacks on record.” Researchers at a large number of cyber companies have sounded alarms about the attack, including Step Security, Socket, Endor Labs and others.

According to Step Security, the malicious “axios@1.14.1” and “axios@0.30.4” versions inject a new software dependency, plain-crypto-js@4.2.1, that acts as a loader for the malware. It targets MacOS, Windows and Linux devices.

But, while the researchers describe it as malware, they note that “there are zero lines of malicious code inside axios itself.” Rather, the software is simply functioning as designed — or redesigned.

“Both poisoned releases inject a fake dependency… never imported anywhere in the axios source, whose sole purpose is to run a [post installation] script that deploys a cross-platform remote access trojan,” wrote Ashish Kurmi, chief technology officer and founder of Step Security.

Feross Aboukhadijeh, CEO and founder of Socket, called the situation “a live compromise” with a wide potential blast radius.

“This is textbook supply chain installer malware,” Aboukhadijeh wrote on X Monday evening, adding about the malicious versions that “Every npm install pulling the latest version is potentially compromised right now.”

The software package pulled in by the malicious versions of axios has embedded payloads that evade static cybersecurity analysis methods and confound human reviewers, and deletes and renames artifacts to destroy forensic evidence.

Aboukhadijeh gave blunt advice for anyone who had downloaded or used axios in the past week at least.

“If you use axios, pin your version immediately and audit your lockfiles,” he wrote. “Do not upgrade.”

Kurmi described the attack as “precision,” noting that the malicious dependency was staged less than 24 hours in advance and both malicious versions were poisoned within the same hour. 

Given the timeframe during which the malicious axios versions were online, that could translate into approximately 600,000 downloads, said Joshua Wright, SANS Institute faculty fellow and senior technical director at Counter Hack Innovations. 

“That’s a large number of compromises, and as soon as you install the software, it scrapes access credentials, and so now threat actors could pivot to AWS, other GitHub packages through scraped GitHub keys, and that’s the part that’s really difficult to articulate,” he told CyberScoop, warning that the fallout could stretch for weeks. “We’re going to see more and more stories about people that realize they’ve gotten breached, as today they’re trying to figure out what the impact is of that.”

The attack follows closely on the heels of other cases of developer-oriented targeting.

Google Threat Intelligence Group said the attack wasn’t related to the recent TeamPCP attacks, however, instead saying it had attributed the axios attack to a suspected North Korean hacking group it labels UNC1069.

“Korean hackers have deep experience with supply chain attacks, which they’ve historically used to steal cryptocurrency,” said John Hultquist, the unit’s chief analyst. “The full breadth of this incident is still unclear, but given the popularity of the compromised package, we expect it will have far reaching impacts.”

This story was updated March 31, 2026, with comments from Google Threat Intelligence Group.

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A new malware-based credential-stealing campaign, which researchers are calling “DeepLoad,” has been infecting enterprise business IT environments.

In a report released Monday, ReliaQuest AI researchers Thassanai McCabe and Andrew Currie say the most relevant feature of this attack is the way it uses artificial intelligence and other engineering “to defeat the controls most organizations rely on, turning one user action into persistent, credential-stealing access.”

DeepLoad is delivered to victims via “QuickFix” social-engineering techniques, such as fake browser prompts or error pages. If the user falls for the scheme, the malware developers — or more likely their AI tools — put a lot of work into building evasion of security technology “at every stage” of the attack chain.

The loader “buries functional code under thousands of meaningless variable assignments,” and the payload runs behind a Windows lock screen process that is “overlooked by security tools” monitoring for threats. ReliaQuest said “the sheer volume” of code padding likely rules out human-only involvement.

“We assess with high confidence that AI was used to build this obfuscation layer,” McCabe and Currie write. “If so, organizations should expect frequent updates to the malware and less time to adapt detection coverage between waves.”

DeepLoad can steal credentials through real-time keylogging, and even if security teams block the initial loader, it was able to persist through backup contingencies.

“In the incidents we investigated, the loader spread to connected USB drives, which means the initial host is unlikely to be the only impacted system,” McCabe and Currie wrote. “Even after cleanup, a hidden persistence mechanism not addressed by standard remediation workflows re-executed the attack three days later.”

ReliaQuest’s research offers more evidence that over the past year, some traditional static cybersecurity practices — such as searching for malware signatures or file-based patterns — may be fast becoming obsolete, as AI models can spin out endless variations of attack tooling with unique signatures.

Other organizations like Google and Anthropic have been sounding the alarm that AI-enhanced cyberattacks are dramatically shrinking the time defenders must respond to a compromise.  

At the RSA Conference in San Francisco this year, experts told CyberScoop that the next two years are set to be a “perfect storm” favoring AI-powered offense, with cybercriminals and nation-states more quickly adapting the technology to add greater speed and scale to their attacks than their defensive counterparts.

McCabe and Currie say the likely continued use of AI to frustrate static analysis monitoring means that defenders will need to shift focus to other indicators of compromise.

“Based on what we’ve observed, organizations must prioritize behavioral, runtime detection—not file-based scanning—to catch this campaign (and similar ones) early,” they wrote. 

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Iranian government-connected groups are deploying malware via the Telegram messaging app, taking aim at dissidents and other opponents of Tehran around the world, the FBI said in an alert Friday.

The FBI said attackers linked to the Ministry of Intelligence and Security are behind the campaign, which stretches back to 2023. The bureau is escalating the alert now, though, because of the conflict between Iran and a U.S.-Israel alliance, it states.

“The observed victim profile included Iranian dissidents, journalists opposed to Iran, members of organizations with beliefs counter to Government of Iran narratives, and other individuals Iran perceives as a threat to the Iranian government, However, the malware could be used to target any individual of interest to Iran.” the alert reads. “This malware resulted in intelligence collection, data leaks, and reputational harm against the targeted parties.” 

Handala — an Iranian pro-Palestinian group that claimed credit for the hack on medical device maker Stryker this month — used information it gathered from hacking dissidents to carry out a hack-and-leak campaign in 2025, the FBI assesses. (Stryker sent a notice to the Securities and Exchange Commission Monday that provides an update on the incident.)

While U.S. officials say they haven’t seen any major increase in cyberattacks out of Iran since the conflict began, experts have noted it could be weeks before patterns emerge.

Telegram is a popular communications channel in Iran. Iranian hackers frequent Telegram to discuss planned attacks. On the other hand, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps has also issued warnings to its populace that they could face prosecution if they’re members of Telegram-based opposition channels, IranWire reported last week.

The FBI said from the malware samples it examined, the scheme begins with hackers masquerading as apps like Pictory, KeePass and Telegram. The hackers configure command and control using a Telegram bot.

To gain initial access, the hackers seek to manipulate victims by posing as someone they know or as tech support for a social media platform. They then trick the victims into accepting a file transfer, which then launches the malware.

“Based on multiple observations, stage 1 of the malware appeared to be tailored to the victim’s pattern of life to increase likelihood of victim downloading the malware, which indicates the Iranian cyber actors likely performed target reconnaissance prior to engaging with the victim,” the FBI said.

The FBI alert is the latest in a series of government warnings about attackers using messaging apps to carry out their objectives.

Telegram spokesperson Remi Vaughn said in an emailed response: “Bad actors can and do use any available channel to control malware, including other messengers, email or even direct web connections. While there is nothing unique about the use of Telegram to control software, moderators routinely remove any accounts found to be involved with malware.”

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Authorities from multiple countries dismantled SocksEscort, a residential proxy network cybercriminals used to commit large-scale fraud, claiming access to about 369,000 IP addresses since 2020, the Justice Department said Thursday.

Europol, which aided the investigation alongside various law enforcement agencies, Lumen’s Black Lotus Labs and the Shadowserver Foundation, said the malicious proxy service compromised routers and IoT devices in 163 countries. Officials said the proxy network’s payment platform received about $5.8 million from its customers.

The globally coordinated action, dubbed Operation Lightning, took down and seized 34 domains and 23 servers in seven countries. U.S. officials froze a combined $3.5 million in cryptocurrency allegedly linked to the botnet that was created from infected devices.

“Cybercrime thrives on anonymity,” Catherine De Bolle, executive director at Europol, said in a statement. “Proxy services like SocksEscort provide criminals with the digital cover they need to launch attacks, distribute illegal content and evade detection.”

SocksEscort’s operators assembled the botnet by exploiting a vulnerability in residential modems from an unnamed vendor, according to officials.

The cybercrime operation defrauded Americans and U.S. businesses of millions of dollars, the Justice Department said. More than one-quarter of the 8,000 infected routers SocksEscort advertised in February were based in the United States.  

SocksEscort began operating in 2009 and its command-and-control infrastructure went undetected by most tools for a very long time, Ryan English, information security engineer at Black Lotus Labs, told CyberScoop.

The botnet’s infrastructure, which was powered by AVRecon malware, was elusive and maintained a consistently high volume, claiming an average 20,000 victims weekly since early 2024. Its impact peaked in January 2025 when it ensnared more than 15,000 victims daily, according to Black Lotus Labs’ research. 

The company said it observed 280,000 unique IPs as victims of the proxy network since early 2025, and more than half of SocksEscort’s victims were based in the United States and United Kingdom.

“Given the high volume of victim generation, it would not surprise me if they eventually hit something really important that moved them up the list of networks to go after,” Chris Formosa, senior lead information security engineer at Black Lotus Labs, told CyberScoop. 

“They were exclusively marketing to cybercriminals and nowhere else,” he added. “With a network like this, once law enforcement gains legal access to backend infrastructure it can give them a lot of intelligence on other threat actors besides the botnet operators.”

Various agencies from Austria, Bulgaria, Eurojust, France, Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands and Romania assisted in the investigation and takedown.

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