After Australia banned social media for users younger than 16, teenagers "immediately worked to circumvent the restrictions," reports Fortune: 14-year-old in New South Wales, told The Washington Post in December 2025, just before the implementation of the ban, she planned to use her mother's face ID to log in to Snapchat and . In a Reddit thread on ways to bypass the ban, one user suggested using a printed mesh face mask from Temu to outsmart apps' facial recognition tools. Others still have tried VPNs that obscure their locations. A new report suggests these efforts are working. In a survey of 1,050 Australians ages 12 to 15 conducted last month, the UK-based suicide prevention organization the Molly Rose Foundation found more than 60% of teens who had social media accounts before the ban still had access to at least one of those platforms. Social media sites including TikTok, YouTube, and Instagram, have retained more than half of their users under 16. About two-thirds of young users say these platforms have taken "no action" to remove or reactive accounts that existed before the restrictions. The survey comes at the heels of the Australian internet regulator calling for an investigation into the five largest social media platforms over potential breaches of the ban. The article points out that "Greece, France, Indonesia, Austria, Spain, and the UK have or are considering similar action, and eight U.S. states are weighing legislation that would put guardrails or ban social media use for minors.

Read more of this story at Slashdot.

Authorities from 14 countries shut down LeakBase, seized its domains and arrested multiple people allegedly involved in the cybercrime marketplace for stolen data and hacking tools, the Justice Department said Wednesday.

LeakBase had more than 142,000 members, ranking it among the world’s largest forums for cybercriminals. The site, which was available on the open web, contained a massive archive of hacked databases including hundreds of millions of account credentials, officials said. 

The stolen databases, which included data from U.S. corporations and individuals, were linked to many high-profile attacks, according to officials. Data seized by authorities revealed a trove of credit and debit card numbers, banking account and routing information, credentials for account takeovers, sensitive business records and personally identifiable information. 

“The FBI, Europol, and law enforcement agencies from around the world executed a takedown of LeakBase, one of the largest online cybercriminal platforms, seizing users’ accounts, posts, credit details, private messages and IP logs for evidentiary purposes,” Brett Leatherman, assistant director at the FBI’s cyber division, said in a statement. 

Law enforcement agencies involved in the globally coordinated takedown operation, which began Tuesday, executed search warrants, made arrests and interviewed people in the United States, Australia, Belgium, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain and the United Kingdom.

Officials did not immediately name any suspects, but some of the activity occurred in San Diego and Provo, Utah. Officials said the FBI’s field offices in San Diego and Salt Lake City, which is investigating the case, participated in the operation domestically. The Provo Police Department was also involved.

“Hiding behind a screen does not shield cybercriminals from accountability,” Robert Bohls, special agent in charge at the FBI Salt Lake City field office, said in a statement.

Authorities identified multiple users who believed they were operating anonymously by seizing the forum’s database.

“This international operation demonstrates the strength of our global alliances and our shared commitment to disrupting platforms that facilitate the theft of data and the victimization of innocent people and organizations worldwide,” Bohls added. “Together, we will continue to identify, dismantle, and hold accountable those who seek to profit from cybercrime, no matter where they operate.”

Europol, which hosted the coordinated operation in The Hague, described LeakBase as a “central hub in the cybercrime ecosystem” that specialized in leaked databases and stealer logs. The English-language site, which has been active since 2021, contained more than 32,000 posts and more than 215,000 private messages. 

Authorities collectively engaged in around 100 enforcement actions globally and took measures against 37 of the platform’s most active users Tuesday, according to Europol.

The technical disruption phase got underway Wednesday and the site now displays a seizure page. Officials from Canada, Germany, Greece, Kosovo, Malaysia and The Netherlands also support the investigation.

“Together with our partners, we are sending a message that no criminal is truly anonymous online and removing an easy point of access to stolen information on American businesses and individuals,” Leatherman said. “The FBI will continue to defend the homeland by dismantling the key services that cybercriminals use to facilitate their attacks.”

The post Authorities from 14 countries shut down major cybercrime forum LeakBase appeared first on CyberScoop.

Microsoft announced Wednesday that it worked with international law enforcement to seize infrastructure used to run cybercrime subscription service RedVDS and organized civil actions in the United States and United Kingdom to disrupt its further use. 

RedVDS has enabled at least $40 million in fraud losses in the U.S. since March 2025, according to Microsoft. Victims that are joining Microsoft as co-plaintiffs in the civil action include Alabama-based H2 Pharma, a pharmaceutical company that lost more than $7.3 million, and Florida-based Gatehouse Dock Condominium Association, which was tricked out of nearly $500,000. 

“For as little as US $24 a month, RedVDS provides criminals with access to disposable virtual computers that make fraud cheap, scalable and difficult to trace,” Steven Masada, assistant general counsel at Microsoft Digital Crimes Unit, said in a blog post. “It provides access to cheap, effective, and disposable virtual computers running unlicensed software, including Windows, allowing criminals to operate quickly, anonymously and across borders.”

Microsoft said a joint operation with Europol and authorities in Germany allowed it to seize RedVDS’s infrastructure and take the marketplace offline. Cybercriminals used the site, which included a loyalty program and referral bonuses for customers, to send high-volume phishing attacks, host infrastructure for scams and facilitate fraud such as business email compromise.

Microsoft customers were among those impacted by RedVDS’s tools and services. 

“Since September 2025, RedVDS‑enabled attacks have led to the compromise or fraudulent access of more than 191,000 Microsoft email accounts across over 130,000 organizations worldwide,” Masada said in the blog post. “These figures represent only a subset of the impacted accounts across all technology providers, illustrating how quickly this infrastructure increases the scale of cyberattacks.”

Over the course of a month, more than 2,600 RedVDS virtual machines sent Microsoft customers an average of one million phishing messages per day, Masada added. 

RedVDS facilitated payment diversion fraud against organizations like H2 Pharma and the Gatehouse Dock Condominium Association through business email compromise. The marketplace was also used to compromise the accounts of realtors, escrow agents and title companies to divert payments, according to Microsoft.

More than 9,000 customers, many in Canada and Australia, were directly impacted by real estate-related fraud aided by RedVDS. Microsoft Threat Intelligence said other scams enabled by RedVDS hit organizations in construction, manufacturing, healthcare, logistics, education and legal services.

Researchers said the marketplace’s user interface was loaded with features that allowed eager cybercriminals to purchase unlicensed and inexpensive Windows-based remote desktop protocol servers with full administrator control. RedVDS reused a single, cloned Windows host image across the service, which allowed researchers to find unique technical fingerprints.

The group that develops and operates RedVDS is tracked by Microsoft as Storm-2470. At least five additional cybercrime groups and cybercriminals who used the Racoon0365 phishing service prior to its takedown in October were also using RedVDS infrastructure, according to Microsoft Threat Intelligence.

RedVDS’s site first launched in 2019 and has remained in operation since providing servers in the U.S., U.K., Canada, France, the Netherlands and Germany. The marketplace “has become a prolific tool for cybercriminals in the past year, facilitating thousands of attacks, including credential theft, account takeovers and mass phishing,” researchers said in a report.

RedVDS rented servers from third-party hosting providers, including at least five hosting companies in the U.S., Canada, U.K., France and the Netherlands. This allowed RedVDS to provision IP addresses in geolocations close to targets, allowing cybercriminals to evade location-based security filters and blend in with normal data center traffic, researchers added. 

“Cybercrime today is powered by shared infrastructure, which means disrupting individual attackers is not enough,” Masada said. “Through this coordinated action, Microsoft has disrupted RedVDS’s operations, including seizing two domains that host the RedVDS marketplace and customer portal, while also laying the groundwork to identify the individuals behind them.”

The post Microsoft seizes RedVDS infrastructure, disrupts fast-growing cybercrime marketplace appeared first on CyberScoop.

Artem Aleksandrovych Stryzhak, a 35-year-old Ukrainian national, pleaded guilty Friday to multiple crimes stemming from his involvement in a string of ransomware attacks targeting U.S. and Europe-based organizations from mid 2018 to late 2021. He faces up to 10 years in jail for conspiracy to commit fraud, including extortion. 

Stryzhak was arrested in Spain in June 2024 and extradited to the United States in April. Authorities are still looking for his alleged co-conspirator Volodymyr Tymoshchuk and announced a $11 million reward for information leading to his arrest or conviction.

“The defendant used Nefilim ransomware to target high-revenue companies in the United States, steal data and extort victims,” Joseph Nocella, U.S. attorney for the Eastern District of New York, said in a statement.

“We remain determined to capture Stryzhak’s codefendant and partner in crime, Volodymyr Tymoshchuk, and bring him to justice in a U.S. courtroom,” Nocella added. Officials accuse Tymoshchuk of acting as an administrator of the Nefilim ransomware group and described him as a serial cybercriminal associated with multiple ransomware strains.

Attacks involving Nefilim ransomware caused millions of dollars in losses from extortion payments and damage to victim networks, officials said. Stryzhak and his co-conspirators allegedly customized executable ransomware files for each victim, creating unique decryption keys and unique ransom notes. 

The ransomware group primarily targeted companies located in the United States, Canada and Australia with more than $100 million in annual revenue, and extorted victims by threatening to publish stolen data. The crew researched companies after they broke into their networks to determine their net worth, size and contact information.

Stryzhak’s victims in the U.S. include an engineering consulting company based in France, an aviation industry company in New York, a chemical company in Ohio, an insurance company in Illinois, a company in the construction industry in Texas, a pet care company in Missouri, an international eyewear company and a company in the oil and gas transportation industry. 

Stryzhak and his co-conspirators also used Nefilim ransomware to encrypt victim networks in Germany, the Netherlands, Norway and Switzerland, prosecutors said. 

Officials said Stryzhak’s crimes began when he gained access to the Nefilim ransomware code in June 2021 in exchange for 20% of his ransom proceeds.

“Cybercriminals may hide behind screens, but they leave digital footprints everywhere,” Christopher Johnson, special agent in charge of the FBI’s field office in Springfield, Illinois, said in a statement. 

“The FBI follows these digital trails relentlessly — across networks, borders, and time — until those responsible are held accountable,” Johnson added. “Today is a remarkable accomplishment, but we will not stop until we have captured all those responsible for the Nefilim ransomware.”

The post Ukrainian national pleads guilty to Nefilim ransomware attacks appeared first on CyberScoop.

The Treasury Department, along with officials from the United Kingdom and Australia, imposed sanctions Wednesday against two bulletproof hosting providers and key people involved in their operations, in a globally coordinated effort aimed at thwarting the role these services have in enabling ransomware, phishing operations, and data extortion campaigns around the world. 

Authorities sanctioned Media Land, three of its leaders and three affiliated companies for allegedly supporting ransomware operations and other cybercrime. The Russia-based bulletproof hosting provider has provided services to ransomware groups, including LockBit, BlackSuit and Play, officials said.

Authorities imposed sanctions on Media Land’s general director Alexsandr Volosovik, Kirill Zatolokin, Yulia Pankova and subsidiaries ML Cloud, Media Land Technology and Data Center Kirishi. 

“Media Land has been impactful largely because of its longevity. Recorded Future can trace attackers using their infrastructure back to at least 2015 — 10 years of activity,” Allan Liska, threat intelligence analyst at Recorded Future, told CyberScoop.

“Targeting this kind of infrastructure can have a disruptive effect on the ransomware ecosystem,” he said. “It’s not the same as a takedown, but it makes it much more difficult for these threat actors to operate and continue to provide services.”

Cyber authorities with the Five Eyes intelligence alliance and the Netherlands also released a mitigation guide Wednesday, which offers tips to help defenders thwart cybercrime made possible by this infrastructure. Efforts to impair these services “requires a nuanced approach because bulletproof hosting infrastructure is integrated into legitimate internet infrastructure systems, and actions from internet service providers or network defenders may impact legitimate activity,” officials said in a mitigation guide released Wednesday.

Despite the sanctions, Media Land’s infrastructure will remain online until the organization’s peering partners cut off key services, said Zach Edwards, senior threat analyst at Silent Push. One of those partners, JSC RetnNet is also based in Russia, but its other peering partner, RETN Limited, is a U.K.-based ISP, he said.

“The bulletproof hosting ecosystem is thriving and growing,” Edwards said, adding “we still need law enforcement to put more pressure on the peering partners who help to get bulletproof hosting infrastructure online and accessible to the rest of the internet.”

Cybercriminals use bulletproof hosting infrastructure to obfuscate their activities, including malware delivery, phishing, and host content and services that support ransomware, data extortion and denial of service attacks, officials said. 

“Bulletproof hosting is one of the core enablers of modern cybercrime,” Madhu Gottumukkala, acting director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, said in a statement.

Officials also took action against companies and individuals who helped the previously sanctioned Aeza Group evade sanctions and reconstitute operations under new infrastructure and leadership.

U.K.-based Hypercore, Maksim Vladimirovich Makarov, the new alleged director of Azea, and Ilya Vladislavovich Zakirov were targeted with sanctions for supporting Aeza Group’s ongoing activity. Officials also sanctioned Smart Digital Ideas DOO and Datavice MCHJ for providing technical infrastructure to Azea.

“Bulletproof hosting providers are hosting the majority of cybercrime infrastructure used by a wide range of global threat actors for ransomware attacks, phishing campaigns, malware delivery and everything in between,” Edwards said. 

“Focusing on these malicious hosts should be a top law-enforcement priority to ensure we’re not just playing Whac-A-Mole with individual threat actors for years to come.”

The post Five Eyes just made life harder for bulletproof hosting providers appeared first on CyberScoop.

The Trump administration’s top cyber officials have emphasized the urgent need to take aggressive action to deter increasingly brazen foreign cyberattacks. Trump himself, however, has repeatedly brushed aside the notion that foreign cyber activity is anything even really noteworthy.

When Trump’s team talks about foreign hacking, be it China’s alleged massive cyberespionage campaign against telecommunications companies or its efforts to take root in U.S. critical infrastructure, they insist the actions can’t be tolerated and must be deterred.

“We need to find some way to communicate that this is not acceptable,” Alexei Bulezel, senior director for cybersecurity at the National Security Council, said in May when asked about the groups thought to be behind those campaigns, Salt Typhoon and Volt Typhoon.

More recently, last month, National Cyber Director Sean Cairncross cast a wider net about foreign adversaries who want to “do us harm,” saying, “To date I don’t think the United States has done a tremendous job of sending the signal, in particular to China, that their behavior in this space is unacceptable.”

Trump, by contrast, has framed all that differently, to the point of dismissiveness.

Asked in June about Chinese hacking of U.S. telecoms, theft of intellectual property and more, Trump answered, “You don’t think we do that to them? We do. We do a lot of things. … That’s the way the world works. It’s a nasty world.”

Asked in August about whether he would discuss alleged Russian hacking of U.S. courts with Vladimir Putin, Trump replied, “I guess I could, are you surprised? … They hack in, that’s what they do. They’re good at it, we’re good at it, we’re actually better at it.”

The gulf between what Trump says about cyber compared to what his top deputies say provokes a variety of reactions from cyber experts and former officials. It sends mixed signals to adversaries, some say, while others say it might just reflect facts of life about today’s cyber environment or a president who doesn’t behave or think conventionally.

At the same time, Trump’s casual messaging about cyber may reflect a broader trend of nations increasingly treating cyber operations as a routine instrument of power.

A need for consistency?

A lack of consistency between the president and his personnel muddles a clear message to adversaries, and downplaying cyberattacks is unwise, said Christopher Painter, who served as the top State Department cyber official under President Obama.

“Either cyber and cyberattacks are a priority or they’re not, and it’s [a] problem if you communicate they’re not serious by saying, ‘Oh, we don’t care now,” said Painter, now a nonresident senior adviser at the Center for Strategic and International Studies. Cyberattacks are serious, he said, and “We need to say it, and we need to be consistent about it, and we need to make sure we take it seriously. So I am concerned that it undermines the narrative that I think we need.”

Trump downplayed foreign cyber activity during his first term, too, both publicly and privately, in the latter case shunting away an adviser while the president tried to watch a golf tournament by saying “You and your cyber … are going to get me in a war — with all your cyber s—t.” According to Painter, Trump often links the issue to Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election, a subject he resents because he believes it undermines the legitimacy of his presidency.

But Painter also noted Trump wasn’t the first to downplay any kind of foreign cyber activity, with former Director of National Intelligence James Clapper remarking about the 2015 Office of Personnel Management hack, “You have to kind of salute the Chinese for what they did. If we had the opportunity to do that, I don’t think we’d hesitate for a minute.”

Clapper also drew a line between the OPM breach, which he said was “passive intelligence collection activity” and a full-fledged cyberattack. There’s a long-lasting debate over whether cyberespionage constitutes a cyberattack.

Trump officials, too, have emphasized they’re more worried about the activity of Volt Typhoon, with its potential for disruption, than that of Salt Typhoon, which is more espionage-focused.

Some analysts acknowledge that Trump has a point when he dismisses cyberespionage as a fact of modern life rather than something that requires retaliation. “My own experience says that it’s extremely difficult, if not impossible, to deter espionage,” said Michael Daniel, who held the White House’s top cyber position under Obama and is now president of the Cyber Threat Alliance.

Any threat in an attempt to deter cyberespionage has to be credible to be effective, said Erica Lonergan, an assistant professor at Columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs. And there are a few things working against the United States making credible threats.

“We do it, because we all do it, and everyone knows we do it,” she said. Next, the potential consequence has to be more harmful than the value of cyberespionage, which is extremely useful to have. “We’re not going to go to war over cyberespionage. No matter how many times a member of Congress calls it an act of war or not, we didn’t go to war over the spy balloon.”

Yet other analysts read Trump’s comments on foreign cyber activity differently. He might have an aggressive reaction to a more clearly damaging attack than the incidents he’s downplayed, said James Siebens, a fellow with Stimson Center’s Strategic Foresight Hub.

“If we were talking about a genuinely destructive cyberattack that cost people’s lives, I would imagine that there would be a fairly forceful response,” said Siebens, who recently co-authored a study on cyber deterrence. “My view is that President Trump was doing something that he often does, which is to state plainly things that make people uncomfortable, but are nonetheless observable and rooted in an important truth.”

Richard Harknett, director of the Center for Cyber Strategy and Policy at the University of Cincinnati, took Trump’s recent remarks as a comment more on the potency of U.S. capabilities compared to its adversaries.

“It wasn’t sort of a complacency, it was more confidence,” said Harknett, who served as the first scholar-in-residence at United States Cyber Command and National Security Agency beginning in 2016. Of course, he said, “The president tends to speak in confident terms regardless.”

Daniel said that some  contradictions between Trump and his cyber team are to be expected. Different officials are bound to have differences of opinion, including in the Trump administration, which has hardly been a “paragon of consistency” in its messaging to the world, he said. Daniel added that deterrence is a challenge for every administration; throughout history, the United States has often threatened not to tolerate certain actions, but then failed to respond when those actions occurred. 

Several experts said they were willing to give the administration time to iron out any potential contradictions. Harknett said it’s hard to read too much into public comments alone right now. More important, Harknett and others said, will be what the administration says in a forthcoming cyber strategy.

A global trend?

Trump is not the only world leader in recent months to speak about his nation’s cyber activity in a more casual manner. At the beginning of this month, Chinese President Xi Jinping and South Korean President Lee Jae Myung joked about the security of a cell phone gift that Xi gave his counterpart, which ended in Xi quipping, “You can check if there’s a backdoor.”

It was “weird for Xi, especially because the Chinese are loath to ever admit they do anything,” Painter said, even if he was joking.

The openness about cyber doesn’t end there, extending to a number of cases where nations that historically haven’t pointed the finger at other countries over alleged cyberattacks are more willing to do so by releasing technical analyses.

“We’re starting to see more non-Western countries, and notably China, making attributions back now,” said Allison Pytlak, director of the Cyber Program at the Stimson Center think tank and the co-author of the deterrence report with Siebens. Singapore recently made its first cyber attribution as well.

Trump officials have been touting offensive operations, which used to be a topic of very little public discussion. And other nations have been growing more open about cyber operations, from Japan’s recent active cyber defense legislation to Australia establishing its own Cyber Command last year.

‘There is more openness about cyber in general, the strategic level, in terms of leaders being willing to talk about cyberespionage, cyber offense,” Lonergan said. “No one talked about cyber offense in the U.S. government for years.”

That openness could turn out to be a good thing, Pytlak said. It could “spark debate” in the public about the very nature of cyber, about the differences between the harm espionage causes and the kind of national security threat other kinds of activity poses.

The post While White House demands deterrence, Trump shrugs appeared first on CyberScoop.

Cybersecurity experts from multiple federal agencies released guidance to help organizations bolster their defenses against attacks on on-premises Microsoft Exchange Servers, resurfacing and building upon previously shared advice that generally applies to most technology.

The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency said the security blueprint for Microsoft Exchange Server is a follow-up effort to an emergency directive the agency released in August for CVE-2025-53786, a high-severity defect affecting on-premises Microsoft Exchange servers. CISA jointly issued the guide Thursday with the National Security Agency and cyber agencies in Australia and Canada.

Nick Andersen, executive assistant director for cybersecurity at CISA, said the guidance isn’t in response to any specific vulnerability or attack, but rather reflects that organizations are under constant threat. “Many organizations depend on Microsoft Exchange to perform these critical communication functions, and that necessitates a strong degree of protection from malicious actors,” he said during a media briefing Thursday.

The recommendations aren’t particularly new and should come as no surprise to security and IT professionals. The guide synthesizes security advice shared by Microsoft, security experts and the industry at large. The majority of works cited in the guide, more than 60, link back to blogs and advice scattered around Microsoft sites. 

“The individual recommendations are known good practices. What stands out to me is the detailed implementation guidance and how the guide stitches the compilation of recommendations into a game plan for improved security,” Andrew Grotto, research scholar at Stanford University’s Center for International Security and Cooperation, told CyberScoop.

“It’s a practical and very usable guide,” he said. “It also begs the question of why Microsoft has never produced something quite like this.”

Microsoft declined to answer questions or provide additional information. 

The guide encourages on-premises Microsoft Exchange Server customers to restrict administrative access, implement multi-factor authentication, enforce strict transport layer security configurations and adopt zero-trust security principles. It also advises organizations to patch regularly and migrate off end-of-life Microsoft Exchange Servers. 

“The most effective defense is ensuring all Exchange Servers are running the latest version and cumulative update patches,” Andersen said. “Delaying or failing to apply security patches increases the risk of vulnerability exploitation and puts your entire network at risk, as well as the larger ecosystem.”

Microsoft’s level of involvement in the development of the guidance is unclear. Andersen did not address that directly, but said CISA is grateful to Microsoft and other vendors who participate in the vendor ecosystem with the federal government.

“We wanted to be able to have something, given both the criticality and sort of the level of participation that we have with this partner, to outline some of those best practices,” Andersen said.

Microsoft Exchange Server is heavily targeted by nation-state attackers and cybercriminals. The popular enterprise technology appears 16 times on CISA’s known exploited vulnerabilities catalog dating back to 2021, and 12 of those vulnerabilities are known to be used in ransomware attacks. That year, the U.S. government and its allies blamed China for exploiting an Exchange flaw that led to a rash of ransomware attacks affecting tens of thousands of victims. 

To Grotto, the recommendations in the guide underscore how complex Microsoft Exchange is, “and complexity is the enemy of security,” he said. “For Microsoft, complexity is the customer’s problem, not theirs.”

The federal and international agencies’ effort was likely driven by what they determined to be an unmet need, according to Grotto. 

“Governments do not normally step in to provide detailed guidance on behalf of private companies on how to safely operate their products,” he said. “The fact that a multilateral coalition of security and intelligence agencies felt that they needed to produce something like this is a devastating commentary on Microsoft’s security posture.”

The post CISA, NSA offer guidance to better protect Microsoft Exchange Servers appeared first on CyberScoop.