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Google’s solution to hacker name confusion? Yet another naming system

By: Greg Otto
27 July 2026 at 13:17

If you are a CISO, here is a new problem for the pile: Do I worry more about Sandworm Relic or Strawberry Tempest?

Last week, Google Threat Intelligence Group joined a list of rivals in changing how it names hackers, replacing years of split naming systems with a single set of code names built around memorable word pairs.

The company said in a blog post that the change merges two systems that had grown apart for years inside Google: Mandiant, the security firm Google bought in 2022, and its in-house Threat Analysis Group. Combining those units left Google with overlapping names for the same hacking groups, a problem the new system aims to fix.

“Threat tracking shouldn’t be an exercise in memorization, but rather one of intuition,” the post reads.

Each tracked group will now get a two-word name. The first word is a distinct term meant to be easy to recall, often pulled from names already used in past reporting on a specific group. When no such name exists, researchers will generate one at random and have analysts check it before use. The second word sorts each group by category, such as country of origin or motive. In Google’s published examples, CASTLE pairs with groups tied to China, ION with Iran, NEPTUNE with North Korea, RELIC with Russia, and COMET with financially motivated threat actors not tied to a nation-state.

The approach echoes one CrowdStrike has long been known for. CrowdStrike pairs a specific term with an animal tied to a country or motive: PANDA for China, BEAR for Russia, SPIDER for cybercriminals, JACKAL for hacktivists. Google’s system swaps the animals for words like CASTLE and NEPTUNE but follows the same basic structure, down to the argument for why it works: A two-part name carries more information than a bare country label or number, and it can change as attribution is fine-tuned.

Microsoft took its own turn at a naming overhaul in April 2023, dropping a system built on chemical elements, trees and volcanoes in favor of weather terms. Under that system, Typhoon marked China, Blizzard marked Russia, Sandstorm marked Iran, and Tempest marked financially motivated cybercriminals. The switch produced names that drew as much attention for their sound as their substance, among them Strawberry Tempest, Pumpkin Sandstorm and Pistachio Tempest. Industry experts bristled over the change, saying the names compared the groups to ice cream flavors or cocktails.

By 2025, the industry’s naming sprawl had become enough of a shared headache that two of the biggest players in it agreed to try to sort it out together. Microsoft and CrowdStrike announced a joint mapping effort in June of that year, pairing Microsoft’s weather names with CrowdStrike’s animal names for the same tracked groups, with Google, Mandiant and Palo Alto Networks Unit 42 also signed on to contribute. Both companies were careful to say the project was not an attempt to force the industry onto one naming system, just to make the existing ones easier to translate between.

Google‘s rollout starts with several dozen of the most actively tracked hacking groups, with more to follow over time. Older names will stay searchable within Google’s threat intelligence platform, alongside mappings to the MITRE ATT&CK framework and to the naming systems used by other vendors. 

The company says groups will keep carrying “UNC,” for uncategorized, if it is still too early to identify exactly where a group fits in this taxonomy.

The post Google’s solution to hacker name confusion? Yet another naming system appeared first on CyberScoop.

American duo sentenced for hosting laptop farms for North Korean IT workers

By: Greg Otto
7 May 2026 at 09:56


Two U.S. nationals were sentenced to 18 months in prison for running laptop farms that facilitated North Korea’s expansive remote IT workers scheme, the Justice Department said Wednesday.

Matthew Issac Knoot and Erick Ntekereze Prince both received and hosted laptops at their residences to dupe U.S. companies into thinking remote IT workers they hired were located in the country. The pair’s separate schemes impacted almost 70 U.S. companies and generated a combined $1.2 million in revenue for the North Korean regime.

“The FBI and our partners will continue to disrupt North Korea’s ability to circumvent sanctions and fund its totalitarian regime,” Brett Leatherman, lead of the FBI’s Cyber Division, said in a statement. “These cases should leave no doubt that Americans who choose to facilitate these schemes will be identified and held accountable. Hosting laptops for DPRK IT workers is a federal crime which directly impacts our national security, and these sentences should serve as a warning to anyone considering it.”

Knoot, of Nashville, Tennessee, and Prince, of New York, received the laptops from unsuspecting U.S. companies and installed remote desktop applications on the machines to enable co-conspirators to work from anywhere while appearing to be based at their respective residences.

Prince’s company Taggcar was contracted to supply IT workers to victim U.S. companies from June 2020 through August 2024. He pleaded guilty in November 2025 to wire fraud conspiracy for his yearslong involvement in the North Korean IT worker scheme. 

Prince was indicted and charged in January 2025 along with his alleged co-conspirators, who collectively obtained work for North Korean IT workers at 64 U.S. companies, earning nearly $950,000 in salary payments. 

A federal judge sentenced Prince Wednesday and ordered him to forfeit $89,000, which is the amount he netted personally. 

Knoot was arrested in August 2024, a year after the FBI searched his home. Officials said he made multiple false and misleading statements and destroyed evidence to obstruct the investigation at that time. 

Victim companies paid North Korean workers linked to Knoot’s laptop farm more than $250,000 from July 2022 to August 2023. The remote IT workers transferred those funds to Knoot and accounts associated with North Korean and Chinese nationals, officials said. 

Knoot was sentenced May 1 and ordered to pay $15,100 in restitution to the victim companies and forfeit an additional $15,100, which is equivalent to the amount of his direct take from the scheme.

The pair of North Korean operatives join a growing list of people who have been charged and jailed for supporting the regime’s scheme that generates hundreds of millions of dollars annually for the country’s military and organizations involved in its weapons programs.

Authorities have been cracking down on the malicious insider activity by seizing cryptocurrency linked to the theft, and targeting U.S.-based facilitators who provided forged or stolen identities and hosted laptop farms for North Korean operatives. 

The countermeasures are stacking up, but the scheme is widespread and has infiltrated an undetermined number of businesses, including hundreds of Fortune 500 companies.

Federal judges previously sentenced other people to prison for their involvement in the scheme, including Keija Wang and Zhenxing Wang; Audricus Phagnasay, Jason Salazar and Alexander Paul Travis; Oleksandr Didenko and Christina Chapman

“These sentences hold accountable U.S nationals who enabled North Korea’s illicit efforts to infiltrate U.S. networks and profit on the back of U.S. companies,” John A. Eisenberg, assistant attorney general for national security, said in a statement. 

“These defendants helped North Korean ‘IT workers’ masquerade as legitimate employees, compromising U.S. corporate networks and helping generate revenue for a heavily sanctioned and rogue regime,” he added. “The National Security Division will continue to pursue those who, through deception and cyber-enabled fraud, threaten our national security.”

The post American duo sentenced for hosting laptop farms for North Korean IT workers appeared first on CyberScoop.

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