Sen. Marsha Blackburn, R-Tenn., endorsed an aggressive effort by U.S. policymakers to help governments and businesses adapt to a future where quantum computers can break most standard forms of encryption. She also confirmed key details of a White House initiative on quantum technology previously reported by CyberScoop, while also promoting her own legislation on quantum migration and related strategies.

Blackburn, chair of the Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation Subcommittee on Consumer Protection, Technology, and Data, told audiences at a Wednesday event hosted by Politico that such an effort is needed to ensure that American technology is prepared well in advance for the shift and to counter potential threats from countries like Russia, China, Iran and North Korea.

Blackburn said lawmakers are asking questions about these countries such as, “What type of development are they doing? What kind of experimentation are they doing? And what is the expectation of those applications?”

“Now those are answers that we don’t know, so it is up to us to say, ‘how do we best prepare ourselves and how do we make certain that China is not going to lead this emerging tech space by 2049 — which is their goal — and how do we [combat] that?’” Blackburn said. 

When asked about reports that the White House was planning its own slate of executive actions, Blackburn confirmed elements of that push, saying Michael Kratsios, director of the White House Office of Science, Technology and Policy, and White House crypto and AI czar David Sacks are doing “a tremendous job.” Kratsios  is among the White House officials leading the federal quantum effort, in tandem with the Commerce Department and the Office of Management and Budget, sources told CyberScoop last month.

However, Blackburn did not provide a timeline for any formal rollout by the administration, and promoted legislation like the National Quantum Cybersecurity Migration Strategy Act she co-sponsored with Sen. Gary Peters, D-Mich., as a vehicle for speeding up federal quantum migration strategies.

That bill would mandate that federal agencies move at least one high-risk information system to quantum-resistant encryption by Jan 1, 2027.

“You look at agencies like the IRS … you look at [the Department of Defense] and some of the cyber implications and you say, ‘OK, this makes sense,’” Blackburn said. “So, what we are trying to do is push them to move forward and not say, ‘well, we’ll get around to that later.’”

She characterized the White House initiative as focused on strengthening the quantum workforce, increasing commercial sector involvement, and ensuring strong security and encryption is in place to deal with threats from China and other adversaries.

“That I feel is more of the definition of how the White House sees this as moving forward,” Blackburn said.

Blackburn is leading or co-sponsoring several other quantum-related bills on the Hill, including the Defense Quantum Acceleration Act, which would require DOD to develop a strategic quantum roadmap, the Quantum Sandbox for Near-Term Applications Act, which would create a sandbox environment for quantum computing experimentation housed within the National Institute for Standards and Technology, and the Advancing Quantum Manufacturing Act, which would create a federal institute for quantum manufacturing.

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A bipartisan pair of senators are introducing legislation Thursday that would direct a White House office to develop a strategy for reckoning with the cybersecurity ramifications of quantum computers, and require agencies to begin pilot programs on quantum-safe encryption.

Sens. Gary Peters, D-Mich., and Marsha Blackburn, R-Tenn., say the National Quantum Cybersecurity Migration Strategy Act is meant to get ahead of rapidly advancing quantum computers that could bypass modern encryption standards and leave important data unprotected.

“It’s critical that the federal government be prepared for any threat posed by quantum computing technology, especially when it concerns our national security,” said Peters, the top Democrat on the Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee. “My bill would help keep Americans safe by ensuring we have a quantum cybersecurity migration strategy to stay ahead of our adversaries and protect Americans’ personal data.”  

Blackburn added that “the National Quantum Cybersecurity Migration Strategy Act would ensure the federal government creates a road map to protect sensitive data and national security from emerging data security threats fueled by quantum computing.”

It’s a follow-up to two quantum computing laws passed in recent years: one devoted to developing U.S. quantum research and another devoted to pushing agencies to acquire IT systems with post-quantum cryptography. 

The latest legislation, which CyberScoop is first to report, would lean on the expertise of the Subcommittee on the Economic and Security Implications of Quantum Science (ESIX) — which is a part of the National Science and Technology Council that coordinates federal government technology policy — to develop the strategy. 

The strategy would recommend standards for federal agencies to define “a cryptographically relevant quantum computer,” to include characteristics such as “the particular point at which such computers are capable of attacking real world cryptographic systems that classical computers are unable to attack.”

The strategy would include an assessment of the need to migrate to post-quantum cryptography for each agency, and measurements for evaluating that migration.

ESIX would also establish a post-quantum pilot program that would require each sector risk management agency responsible for protecting the 16 federally designated critical infrastructure sectors to upgrade at least one high-impact system to post-quantum cryptography by the start of 2027.

“Because stolen data can be stored and decrypted later, experts warn that action must be taken now to secure systems with stronger, quantum-proof protections,” a forthcoming news release on the bill states. “This bill responds to that urgency by requiring federal agencies to begin migrating critical systems before it’s too late.”

Quantum industry leaders at a May hearing urged Congress to expand support for U.S. quantum initiatives. Experts and U.S. government officials are particularly worried about falling behind China on quantum computing.

Peters and Blackburn are introducing their bill the day after the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee took action on its first slate of bills in 2025.

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